See also:
| Classification of shock (based on a 70 kg male) | ||||
| CLASS I | CLASS II | CLASS III | CLASS IV | |
| Blood loss (mL) | Up to 750 | 750-1500 | 1500-2000 | >2000 |
| Blood loss (% blood volume) | Up to 15% | 15-30% | 30-40% | >40% |
| Pulse rate (BPM) | <100 | 100-120 | 120-140 | >140 |
| Systolic blood pressure | Normal | Normal | Decreased | Decreased |
| Pulse pressure (mm Hg) | Normal or increased | Decreased | Decreased | Decreased |
| Respiratory rate | 14-20 | 20-30 | 30-40 | >35 |
| Urine output (mL/hr) | >30 | 20-30 | 5-15 | Negligible |
| CNS/mental status | Slightly anxious | Mildly anxious | Anxious, confused | Confused, lethargic |
| Initial fluid replacement | Crystalloid | Crystalloid | Crystalloid and blood | Crystalloid and blood |
| Base Deficit (mEq/L) | 0 to -2 | -2 to -6 | -6 to -10 | -10 or less |
Source: ATLS Student Manual 9th & 10th editions
Content on this page has not been checked for accuracy. The author's credentials have not been confirmed. Always use multiple peer-reviewed scholarly sources and good clinical judgement in your decision making.
The Compendium platform was created by David Kwinter, MD, CCFP(EM).
Dr. Kwinter is a Cayman Family Doctor. He runs a Family Medicine Clinic at Cayman Medical in George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands.
Dr. Kwinter is a Cayman Family Doctor. He runs a Family Medicine Clinic at Cayman Medical in George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands.