Source: Medscape
|
Signs and symptoms |
Causative agents |
CHOLINERGIC TOXIDROME: |
|
|
Bradycardia, urination, bronchospasm, bronchorrhea, lacrimation, emesis, diarrhea/defecation, miosis, salivation, sweating, muscle weakness, and muscle fasciculations
|
Organophosphates, pilocarpine, carbamates, muscarinic mushrooms
|
ANTICHOLINERGIC TOXIDROME: |
|
|
Dry mucous membranes, flushed/dry/hot skin, visual disturbances, tachycardia, urinary retention, constipation, seizures, and decreased bowel sounds
|
Diphenhydramine, antihistamines, atropine, antipsychotics, baclofen, phenothiazines, Jimson Weed, tricyclic antidepressants
|
SYMPATHOMIMETIC/STIMULANT TOXIDROME: |
|
|
Excessive speech, excessive motor activity, tremor, insomnia, anorexia, hyperreflexia, seizures, rhabdomyolysis, tachycardia,hyperactive bowel sounds, anddiaphoresis
|
Amphetamines, methamphetamine, caffeine, cocaine, ephedrine, LSD, methylphenidate, nicotine, PCP
|
OPIOID/NARCOTIC TOXIDROME: |
|
|
CNS AND respiratory depression, confusion, somnolence, coma, shallow respirations, bradypnea, bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia, decreased bowel sounds, hyporeflexia, and miosis
|
Clonidine, codeine, buprenorphine, dextromethorphan, heroin, methadone, morphine, meperidine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, imidazoline eye drops, tramadol
|
SEDATIVE/HYPNOTIC TOXIDROME: |
|
| Sedation – with progressive CNS depression and minimal or no respiratory depression, ataxia, delirium, hallucinations, hypotension, bradycardia, nystagmus, hyporeflexia, decreased bowel sounds, miosis or mydriasis |
Anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, ethanol, methocarbamol, propoxyphene, trazodone, zolpidem, zaleplon, eszopiclone
|
